Reading reflection 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading reflection 6 - Essay Example According to the article, the police generally will associate certain crimes with a certain race. The police have a set mentality on a crime committed. The will go to brutal lengths in order to prove that certain minorities commit crimes more often. Police brutality will usually occur because of a number of reasons. The most common one is racial discrimination. Between 1990 and 1994, 89% of reported custody deaths involved Hispanics or African Americans (Elisha, Joshua & Zenobia 2010). These are examples of police brutality cases that are reported. Such examples include those involving Patrick Hall, Rodney king and Oscar Grant. I concur with the author’s views on Police brutality and racial discrimination. Police brutality especially towards the minority is not always physical. This is best illustrated by the case of a Patrick Hall. Patrick Hall, an African American who served in the US army. He then enrolled at Illinois State University from where he started his own business. Hall employed most of his friends who were also black. The police started harassing him as soon as they discovered his progress (Elisha, Joshua & Zenobia 2010). The police would humiliate Hall with random checks for illegal activities. They went as far as surveying and intimidating Hall. This forced him to shut down the business and leave the city. This is a classic case of emotional and verbal abuse among minorities. Police brutality will happen for a number of reasons. Chief among them is racial discrimination. Use of excessive force is described as police brutality. By 1999, 75% of males who were African American are pulled over because they were Black (The Struggle Against racial Profiling). Law enforcement officers will verbally, emotionally and physically offensive to citizens of race. However, the number of such incidences is decreasing constantly in the wake of human rights awareness. A criminal justice

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Death penalty - Essay Example From the above, an individual may ask why others would go through while others do not. To answer this question some scholars have managed to find out the racial discrimination that take place in passing out judgements. The race of the victim and that of the defendant determines the judgement passed. One significant problem is the fact that prosecutors are capable of choosing death penalty cases without review. This allows racial discrimination to continue occurring. Results show that 81 percent of all death penalties involve white victims while only half of the total murder cases countrywide entail the white victims. This implies that the chances for getting a death penalty for murdering a white a high. This is even worse when the murderer involved is a black. From 1987, 211 blacks were accorded a death penalty for killing whites while only 14 whites got the same punishment for killing blacks. This racial biasness against blacks and Latin Americans continues as efforts to stop the act has proven unsuccessful. Prosecutors, according to research, have concealed evidence and even at times using threats to coerce confessions. Race, in this country, is a basis for passing a death sentence. Regardless of prosecutor’s immunization against law suits, the government should put more effort in cubing this

Shakespeares Sonnet 150 Explication English Language Essay

Shakespeares Sonnet 150 Explication English Language Essay Shakespeares Sonnet 150 explores the power of love over hate. The sonnet begins with the speaker pondering and questioning his current emotional state. The speakers loved one holds a certain power over him that effectively causes him to be unfaithful to himself as well as lie (3) to his true sight (3). The speaker strives for his heart to sway (2) towards hating his loved one and he has many reasons to do so, but the power that beholds him causes him to look past all of her atrocious habits and imperfections. Her deeds are carried out with such strength and warrantise of skill (7) that it makes all of the desirable she does seem so small that it is often overlooked by not only him, but others as well. The speaker was warned by others with the actuality that his loved one was unworthy of his love. He denied the obvious and truthful advice from his companions and remained in love. This caused the speaker to gain hate on his state (12) from not only them, but his loved one in particular . Throughout all of the mistreating the speakers loved one portrayed towards him, he remained loyal to his oath and loved her just as much as he initially did. The sonnet ends with the speaker left in a sense of shock and disapproval. Even though he remained worthy to his partner and forgivingly overlooked all of her imperfections, she did not love him as much as he deserved to be loved. In the first quatrain of the poem, the speaker is questioning his loved ones ability, and pondering on how she is able to make him love her. The word O (1) in the first line of the poem establishes the tone of the poem. It is used as a direct address to the speakers distressing emotional state, which makes the whole sonnet have a more gloomy and depressing tone. By using this type of tone, Shakespeare gives the reader a whole new insight on the speakers emotions. Shaping the loved ones effective influence over the speaker, Shakespeare uses many potent words -power, powerful, might (1) to emphasize the strong amount of authority she held in his emotions. The word powerful in the first line of the poem adds an extra syllable to the traditional iambic pentameter, putting a very powerful focus on the loved ones ability. In the next line, most of the syllables ore used on the word insufficiency (2) which expresses a sense of inability in the speaker. Adding to this sense of insufficiency in the speaker, Shakespeare chose conflicting words like lie (3) followed immediately by the word true (3) and swear (4) add to articulate the reader into feeling the speakers feelings. The first three lines of the quatrain end in a comma while the last line ends in a question mark. By using a question mark, Shakespeare is complicating the tone. He is adding a spark of sarcasm to the sonnet because by the speaker questioning his emotions, he is second guessing himself and asking himself if he is really doing what he should not be. In the second quatrain of the poem, the speaker considers all of his loved ones behaviors and asks himself why he is still in love with her after all the wrong she does to him. In the first line of the second quatrain, the word Whence (5), or where, is used which initiates another question. The word where is a time word that simply means from what place, source, or cause. Adding to this sense of timeliness, the word becoming (5) is used which illustrate a starting point, which is then followed by the word ill (5). The word ill, in this case meaning intended or caused by an evil intent, places negativity on the phrase. In the next lines, the writer uses more potent words to express just how powerful the loved one in the sonnet is. The punctuation in the second quatrain follows the pattern of the first quatrain. This shows that the speakers internal conflict has yet to be settled and he still has doubts on his relationship. In the third quatrain, the speaker questions who taught his loved one to make him love her as well as he considers the amount of love his loved one really feels towards him. Also, the third quatrain does not follow the pattern of quatrains one and two. It is broken up into two different sections, the first being a question and the second being a statement. Starting off the first section of the third quatrain, another time word is used. The word who (10) in this line is used to introduce a relative cause. A second time word, how (10), follows the word who. The word how is used to complete the cause because it identifies to what degree or extent the speakers loved one gained her power. Complicating the rhyme scheme, internal rhyme is used in line nine. The words thee, me, and thee (9) are used to put more of a focus on the speakers loved one rather than himself. Adding to the tone, the word O (11) is used once again in line eleven. By using this word, the speaker is once again returnin g to the drearier mood and exiting the sarcastic mood. It also shows the reader that the realization made by the speaker is one of disappointment. The words others and abhor (11-12) are used repetitively in this section as well. By doing this, Shakespeare is turning the focus away from the speaker and his emotions and onto others, the loved one in particular, and that hatred feeling they feel towards his state. In the last couplet of the sonnet, the speaker reaches the point of realization in the poem. He followed a strategic plan to help him reach this point in the sonnet. He first questioned her authority, secondly pondered on the options and possibilities, and finally came to the point of realizing he was no longer loved by her. The word If (13) is an introduction word, used in this case to introduce the conclusion of the poem. In lines thirteen and fourteen, a very important comparison is made comparing the love of the speaker to that of his loved one. By using the word unworthiness (13) to describe the speakers loved one, followed in the next line by the word worthy (14) describing the speaker, Shakespeare is showing the conflicting views of love in a relationship. More (14) is used immediately before the word worthy (14) to show the quantity of how much greater he should be loved by his loved one. Pairing this group of words also gives the reader an insight into the speakers loved one s emotions. Since love had to be raised (13) in him, it shows she was not deserving of his love, but also More worthy (14) in the following line shows that love was raised less in her and more in the speaker when really, he was more worthy to be beloved. Throughout the entire sonnet, alliteration is heavily used. Words with soft consonants are used to s low the reader down and express the gloomy tone to its greatest extent. By choosing to strategically sequence the poem by the speaker questioning, thinking, and realizing his destiny, Shakespeare puts a more reality type view to this sonnet. These problem solving strategies are used in any situation to sort through problems and make important decisions which give the reader a better grasp to the meaning as well as tone because everything does not always happen as planned or hoped for. Without using this alliteration or diction Shakespeare chose throughout the sonnet, the general feeling of shock and disappointment regarding the speakers love compared to that of his loved one would not be nearly as clear or dramatic.

Goodman vs Robin Essay -- Essays Papers

Goodman vs Robin Short stories, when written by the same author, vary by subject but sometimes contain similar themes. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an entertaining writer who wrote many such stories. Two among his works have some striking similarities. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† both were written within three years of each other by Hawthorne (1832-1835). The biggest similarities between the stories were with the main character of each. Robin from â€Å"My Kinsman, Major Molineux† and Brown from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† were both young men on a journey that took them through a single night. Both men held some innocent or naà ¯ve worldviews. Both had idealistic views of people that were proven to be untrue. Both men experienced events that should be perceived as symbolic. However, each man met a different fate. Both Robin and Brown took journeys that changed their lives forever. Both of these journeys took place mostly under the cover of darkness. That was symbolic of the naivetà © of both men. Both men met a series of people on their journey that turned up later in a different light. Robin met a large man in an inn. When he later saw him again, he saw the man as man with a two-toned black and red face. The change was only a symbolic one that reflected Robin’s view of the evil of the man. Brown experienced something similar with the character Goody Cloyse, who he thought a devote Christian. Later, he saw her on the road chatting with the ...

Enthalpy of Combustion Lab Report Essay

Aim: The aim of the following experiment is to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol when one mole of ethanol is burned completely with the help of a spirit lamp for a time period of one and a half minutes. Background: Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1K. ? à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Differs from substance to substance. ? à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Water = 4.18 J g-1 K-1? à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Ethanol = 2.4 J g-1 K-1 The data booklet value for the standard enthalpy of combustion of ethanol is -1371 KJ/mol. Apparatus: Instrument / Chemical: 1. Spirit lamp containing ethanol 2. Copper Calorimeter 3. Distilled Water 4. Stop Watch (?0.01s) 5. 1?50cm3 beakers 6. Retort Stand 7. Digital Thermometer (?0.1) 8. Digital Electronic Balance (?0.01g) 9. Stirring rod Method: 1. The mass of the spirit lamp containing ethanol is first determined accurately with the help of the digital electronic balance and is recorded as M1 (?0.01g). 2. Then a copper calorimeter is taken and the mass of the empty calorimeter is first determined. Then the calorimeter is filled with distilled water and the mass of the calorimeter along with water is then recorded. The two readings are then subtracted to determine the mass of the distilled water used in the experimental procedure with the help of the digital electronic balance and is recorded as M3 (?0.02g). 3. Then the calorimeter containing the water is placed on top of the retort stand and the digital thermometer is used to record the initial temperature of the water alone with the help of the digital thermometer and is recorded as T1 (?0.1). 4. Then the spirit lamp is lit and is placed on top of the beaker below the retort stand in order to maintain a steady position of the lamp underneath the calorimeter containing the distilled water. 5. The spirit lamp is allowed to burn for a fixed time period of one and a half minutes while the water in the calorimeter is continuously stirred using the stirring rod; after which the final temperature of the water in the calorimeter is measured with the help of the digital thermometer and is recorded as T2 (?0.1). 6. After the entire procedure the final mass of the spirit lamp containing ethanol is measured with the help of the digital electronic balance and is recorded as M2 (?0.01g). Hypothesis: The given experimental procedure is hypothesised to be a highly exothermic reaction as when ethanol is burnt in air the reaction gives out energy in the form of heat. When the spirit lamp (ignited) is placed directly below the calorimeter containing water, the heat energy released will result in a rise in temperature in the distilled water in the calorimeter. Variables: a). Independent Variables: 1. The amount of ethanol used in the experimental procedure is an independent variable. In each of the five trials, the amount of ethanol used differs and this helps in providing a variety of results and making the experiment more accurate. 2. The calorimeter in which the distilled water has been placed for each trial in the experimental procedure is an independent variable. This has been changed for each trial in order to provide more accuracy to the experiment. 3. The mass of the distilled water used in the experimental procedure is an independent variable. This has also been changed for each trial in order to provide a variety of results and cover all aspects of the experimental procedure. b). Dependant Variables: In the conducted experimental procedure, the temperature of the measured mass of water in the calorimeter is the dependent variable. As the amount of ethanol used in the experimental procedure differs, the temperature of the mass of water will also change depending on the amount of ethanol used. c). Controlled Variables: 1. The time for which the measured mass of distilled water is heated is kept constant as one and a half minutes throughout the experimental procedure. This is done to provide an accurate experiment. 2. The entire experiment is conducted in the same environment on the same day and in a secure room. 3. The stopwatch used for each trial has also been kept constant throughout the experimental procedure. 4. The thermometer used for each trial has also been kept constant throughout the experimental procedure. Observations: 1. The ethanol was burnt with a yellow flame. 2. Some black soot was formed on the bottom of the calorimeter after the spirit lamp was placed underneath it in the experimental procedure. 3. It was noted that when the mass of the spirit lamp was noted in the beginning of the experiment, the lamp was not warm. However after the ethanol was burnt and the mass of the spirit lamp was once again being recorded, the lamp was warm at the end of the experiment. 4. It was noted that while the spirit lamp was placed on the beaker perpendicularly below the calorimeter containing the distilled water, one could feel the warmth of the flame when one put out the flame after a period of one and a half minutes. Raw Data: Initial mass of spirit lamp = M1, Final mass of spirit lamp = M2, Mass of distilled water used in the experimental procedure = M3, Initial temperature of water = T1, Final temperature of water = T2, The following table N1 shows the raw data that has been recorded in order to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol while conducting the following experimental procedure: Processed Data: Mass of ethanol that has been used and burnt completely = M1 – M2 = MF, Rise in Temperature of the distilled water when the spirit lamp is placed directly below the calorimeter = T2 – T1 = TF, The following Table N2 gives the values of the mass of ethanol that has been used and the change in temperature of the distilled water solution. Sr. No. MF (?0.02g) TF (?0.2) 1. 168.50 – 166.85 = 1.65 38.2 – 27.2 = 11.0 2. 166.85 – 165.61 = 1.24 45.4 – 37.4 = 8.0 3. 159.00 – 157.50 = 1.50 36.2 – 26.5 = 9.7 4. 157.50 – 155.75 = 1.75 45.8 – 35.8 = 10 5. 155.75 – 154.44 = 1.31 51.1 – 44.3 = 6.8 For all five cases, molar mass of ethanol Mm, C2H5OH Amount of ethanol burnt = MF/Mm = A1, Heat energy required to raise the temperature of water by TF = M3 ? TF ? 4.18 = H1, Heat energy evolved by burning A1 moles of ethanol = H2, Heat energy evolved by burning 1 mole of ethanol = H2/A1 = H3, Enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol = The following table N3 gives the processed data for the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol: Sr. No. A1 (mole) H1 (Joule) H2 (Joule) H3 (Kilo Joule) (KJ/mole) 1. (1.65 ? 46.1) = 0.00358 (4.18 ? 11 ? 78.22) = 3597 3597 (3597 ? 0.00358) = 1005 – 1005 2. (1.24 ? 46.1) = 0.00269 (4.18 ? 8 ? 78.08) = 2611 2611 (2611 ? 0.00269) = 971 – 971 3. (1.50 ? 46.1) = 0.00325 (4.18 ? 9.7 ? 82.73) = 3354 3354 (3354 ? 0.00325) = 1032 – 1032 4. (1.75 ? 46.1) = 0.00380 (4.18 ? 10 ? 82.55) = 3451 3451 (3451 ? 0.00380) = 908 – 908 5. (1.31 ? 46.1) = 0.00284 (4.18 ? 6.8 ? 82.3) = 2339 2339 (2339 ? 0.00284) = 823 – 823 Since the combustion of ethanol is an exothermic reaction, the sign of is negative. Hence from the above five trials an average value of the enthalpy of combustion can be taken as the following: Fair Test: 1. The experimental procedure is carried out in a safe environment under the same environmental conditions on the same day. 2. The time taken for each trial i.e. one and a half minute time period was followed as accurately as possible and with as much efficiency to avoid errors. 3. The stopwatch is used accurately and was reset after each trial reading. 4. While stirring the water alongside the experimental procedure one made sure that one did not disturb the digital thermometer in any possible way as even a small disturbance could affect the temperature readings obtained. Safe Test: 1. One used safety glasses and goggles while conducting the experiment to protect oneself from any chemical hazards. 2. Once the time period of one and a half minutes has elapsed, the cap of the spirit flame was placed over the wick of the spirit lamp with precision and safety. 3. Before starting the experiment, one made a double check about all the equipment being used in the experiment and whether the equipment is efficient or not. 4. One made use of the experimental hazcards that were given to one in order to prevent any chemical hazards from occurring. Errors and Analysis: The data booklet value for the standard enthalpy of combustion of ethanol is -1371 KJ/mol. Hence the percentage error for this experimental procedure is: = [(1371 – 948) ? 1371] ? 100 = 30.9? This error is large and cannot be accounted for by the uncertainties in the experimental measurements. The major uncertainties lie in the underlying assumptions used in the experimental procedure such as the following: 1. It is assumed that complete combustion of ethanol takes place. However the fact that when ethanol was being burnt in air, it burnt with a yellow flame and the black soot on the calorimeter indicated that carbon, one of the products of incomplete combustion was also formed. 2. It is assumed that all the heat from the reaction was transferred to the distilled water in the calorimeter. It is true that some of the heat would have indeed been lost round the sides of the calorimeter and also from the inner system to the surroundings. 3. It is assumed that the glass stirrer, the digital thermometer and the calorimeter were not absorbing any heat but in reality these instruments are also being heated. 4. It is assumed that none of the ethanol escaped through evaporation during the time the flame was extinguished and the spirit lamp and its contents were reweighed. However, ethanol is a volatile liquid and the fact that the spirit lamp was hot indicates that some of it would have evaporated. Conclusion: In the carried experimental procedure one has determined the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol when one mole of ethanol is burned completely with the help of a spirit lamp for a time period of one and a half minutes. One has successfully proven the hypothesis that has been made earlier. I had predicted beforehand that the reaction-taking place in the experimental procedure is an exothermic one. The fact that heat is given out when ethanol is burnt has been depicted by the temperature rise of the distilled water present in the calorimeter. Hence it is clearly evident that the combustion reaction of ethanol is an exothermic reaction. Suggestions for Improvement / Evaluation: 1. There should not be any disturbance in the room where the experiment is being conducted as one is trying to prevent any interference to the internal system. 2. While conducting the experiment, one should use a shield like device in order to cover the entire apparatus and prevent any heat transfer between the surrounding and the internal system. 3. More efficient equipment should be used in the conducted experimental procedure.

Community Book Festival Essay

According to the United States Census Bureau (2013), Queens, New York, has an estimated population of 2. 2 million people living in this growing region. With a large population like this, it would be an ideal place to promote reading by conducting a book festival for the community. Not only will the book festival promote reading among all age groups, but also, it will address the economic changes in the community in an effort to keep threatened libraries of Queens open. Funding a non-profit book festival is very difficult because in order to conduct a successful event, participation from the community is essential. For a successful event, community members must work together in the festival to promote reading and raise awareness of economic changes, and the funding for this function must come from donations, sponsors, and fundraising events. From time to time people wonder why reading is important. Since reading is the fundamental skill to function in society, it is important for various reasons. For example, reading is essential to understand instructions on a medicine bottle, to complete a job application, to read warning signs on the road, or even follow directions on a map (June, S.n. d). These are all everyday tasks that individuals conduct that require literacy. Understanding written material is one way the mind grows and expands the ability of comprehension and vocabulary. In addition, it is imperative that individuals learn, develop, and practice their reading skills, because it ultimately aids them to developing their language skills. (June, S. n. d) Through reading, individuals discover new information and concepts. For example, books, magazines, periodicals, and the internet material are unlimited learning tools that require the ability to read. Since daily activities for adults and children are different, the importance of reading also varies. Reading is essential for carrying out many tasks as an adult. For example, without literacy, adults cannot operate a vehicle, register to vote, or even become hired for a job. Since reading is a vital skill to have, illiteracy will hold back any adult in a number of opportunities. According to PBS Newshour (2013), Queens, New York holds the highest percentage of adult illiteracy in all New York counties at 45. 6%. It is important for the book festival to emphasize reading among these adults because it can open many doors for this high percentage of illiterate adults. In addition, it is important for adults to know how to read so they can provide their children with the fundamentals at a young age. Adult literacy is also important for child development. If parents are illiterate, they are not able to provide their children with the necessary tools to begin reading. For children, the importance of reading begins at a very early age and it is the building blocks of life (Time with your kids reading to children, 2013). â€Å"The more young children are read to, the greater their interest is in mastering reading. Reading aloud exposes children to proper grammar and phrasing. It enhances the development of their spoken language skills, their ability to express themselves verbally (Freedman-De Vito, 2004). † Reading to young children would teach them to develop listening skills as well as develop their imagination in a creative way (Rasinski & Stevenson, 2005). One great exercise to do when reading to children is to stop in the middle of the story and ask them what is going to happen next. Get them involved in the story for them to think about possible endings to the story. Encourage them to illustrate, draw, and make up another story with the same characters. This kind of exercise would get their creative thinking flowing for children (Rasinski & Stevenson, 2005). The book festival will give children a great opportunity to become involved in reading and help them with the skills they need to succeed in the future. The book festival is essential to the community because of recent economic changes in the Queens area. â€Å"The Queens Library serves 2. 3 million people from 62 locations plus seven Adult Learning Centers and two Family Literacy Centers. It circulates among the highest numbers of books and other library materials in the country (Queens Library, 2013). † With government officials adjusting ways to better the economy, Queens Library is directly affected. Since budget cuts are a way to reduce debt in the economy, a proposal by the City Council was to cut back on the employment and hours of operation for the Queens Library. Colangelo (2010) addressed that there may be a shutdown of 14 libraries, and 34 libraries would only be open 2-3 days a week in an effort to save 17 million dollars as directed by Mayor Michael Bloomberg. This affects the community as a whole because it will also cut back on the resources and programs that are available to the public that promote reading. From this book festival, as we promote reading, we can also encourage the community to fight for the libraries to stay open so children, as well as adults, can have a place to access books and material necessary to succeed in their education. Libraries and learning centers offer many different resources for students to further their education and gain success in their academics. With approval of the budget cuts, students will have less access to books they need in order to help them find useful information for assignments they have to complete. Libraries offer a wide range of informational textbooks and encyclopedias that individuals can use to research topics and retrieve material. Without having access to this material from books, it limits individuals to browse the internet to find information. However, many people do not have everyday access to the internet. Libraries are a good resource to use for people that fall into this category because they can gain access to the internet from the library’s computers in order to conduct research. If implementation of the budget cuts occurs, this will leave the community with practically no assisting resources if they do not have these tools readily available for them in their own homes. Not only do libraries help students with their studies, but they also conduct beneficial workshops for the community. Libraries and learning centers have a wide range of programs and events geared toward assisting the community and furthering education. For example, Queens Library offers adult and youth literacy programs, special needs assistance programs, and veteran workshops at designated branches. â€Å"Some 707,000 people attended more than 37,500 free programs in FY 12 (Queens Library, 2013). † With these budget cuts coming into play, some of these programs will no longer be available to the public. This statistic emphasizes how much the community relies on Queens Library each year. Furthermore, libraries also offer workshops that promote personal development. In addition to the programs, Queens Library periodically holds mock interview events and resume writing for individuals looking for jobs in the community. With approval of the budget cuts, the community greatly suffers from the downsizing of all of these resources offered by the libraries and learning centers. The community will begin to see these services disappear as the economy changes due to the decisions by government officials. Therefore, the whole community has to work together to promote reading and keep these resources available to the public. With this being done, as a result, the City Council will realize how much the community will be negatively affected by terminating these services to the public. Funding a nonprofit book festival can be a very challenging task. However, with help from the community and local businesses in the area, funding for this event can come from several different ways. One of the most beneficial ways for funding this event will come from donations from the community members. Though this book festival is a free event, upon entrance to the festival, we will ask attending members for donations to help fund and aid the event. In addition, we will contact local bookstores and organizations for donations prior to the festival in order to help make the book festival possible. For example, Barnes and Noble and Borders Bookstore are two of the largest community bookstores in the Queens area that may contribute to make the festival successful. Spencer (2010) stated that with donations, non-profit organizations are able to help fulfill others’ goals as well as help the less fortunate who are usually the targets for the foundations. This idea holds true for our book festival because of the economic changes in the community and the potential threats to the libraries in the area we can help keep these resources open to the less fortunate individuals in the community. Another way to facilitate funding for this event is to gain sponsors from local businesses and other organizations in the area. This is beneficial because it gathers more individuals to attend the event. For example, if Barnes and Noble sponsored the event, more individuals would attend because a well know corporation will be there to help facilitate the function. Not only will this benefit the book festival, but also if will gain more exposure to the sponsoring organization with a successful event. â€Å"Associating with nonprofit organizations is a great public relations boost. By giving back to the community, you demonstrate you are a company with heart, not a faceless corporation (Stanfords, 2010). † Aside from the sponsors, having more community members attend the festival is essential because it will help promote reading amongst a larger population. In addition, with more attendees there will be more chances of gaining donations from individuals. Furthermore, with more proceed that are circulated through the festival, the chances of keeping the local public libraries open will be higher. Prior to the book festival, we will have a community car wash in order to raise awareness of the event. Since many people will not know of the book festival, promoting the event before it happens is essential. With help from volunteers, a community car wash will take place the weekend prior to the event. Though we do not anticipate receiving the majority of our funding from the fundraising events, it is still crucial to conduct them so the community becomes more involved. â€Å"While fundraising events may no longer be the most important component of your organization’s fundraising strategy, it’s still a good idea to host an event for your supporters and take the opportunity to interact with your community (Wooden, 2011). † With more involvement of the community, there is a higher chance of having a more successful book festival because it will show the City Council how important these resources are to the community. Finally, the most active way to fund this book festival is from fundraising measures during the event itself. This is the area that the community and volunteers help the most. During the book festival, there will be food, games, and raffles to help raise money to keep the Queens’ libraries open. Individuals will bring their own dishes, snacks, or baked goods to the book festival and sale them at reasonable prices. For a small fee, attendees can also participate in fun games provided by volunteers to win small prizes to take home such as bookmarks or book covers. Lastly, there will be a raffle at the end of the book festival. Each raffle ticket will cost one dollar, and some of the prizes that are included are best-selling books and comics for the children. In the end, we will present the earnings from these fundraising activities to the City Council in hopes to keep the Queens Library systems open. Overall, funding for this event can be very difficult. However, with help from community members and volunteers this book festival will be a success. Proper funding is essential from donations, sponsors, and fundraising events to help aid and facilitate the event. In the end, a successful book festival will promote reading among the population, and raise awareness of the potential threats to the available resources in the community. With everyone working together, we hope that we can keep these libraries open by raising enough money to show that the elimination of the resources will negatively affect the city. In the end, if these libraries stay open we will begin to conduct successful book festivals every year to make sure these valued resources remain available to the public. References Colangelo, L. L. (2010, May 18). Budget cuts forces Queens Library to shutter 14 branches, cut 300 workers and reduce hours. Retrieved from http://www. nydailynews. com/new-york/queens/budget-cuts-forces-queens-library-shutter-14-branches-cut-300-workers-reduce-hours-article-1. 446195 Freedman-De Vito, B. (2004). Why Reading Is So Important For Children. Retrieved from http://www. familyresource. com/parenting/child-development/why-reading-is-so-important-for-children June, S. (n. d). Commentary: Reading is the key to learning. Daily Record, (The Baltimore, MD PBS Newshour. (2013). Adult Illiteracy in New York counties. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/newshour/interactive/patchworknation/stats/education/adult-literacy/ny/ Queens Library. (2013). About Us. Retrieved from http://www. queenslibrary. org/about-us Rasinski, T. , & Stevenson, B. (2005). The Effects of Fast Start Reading: A Fluency-Basedhome Involvement Reading Program. Reading Psychology, 26(2), 109-125. Spencer, M. T. (2010, July 29). Donate to Non Profit Organizations. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Donate-to-Non-Profit-Organizations&id=4764969 Stanfords, J. P. (2010, Feb 26). Companies Reap Benefits of Charitable Sponsorships. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Companies-Reap-Benefits-of-Charitable-Sponsorships&id=3834293 Time with your kids reading to children. (2013, April 9). Retrieved from Building Blocks: http://bblocks. samhsa. gov/family/time/reading. aspx United States Census Bureau. (2013, June). Queens County (Queens Borough), New York. Retrieved from http://quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/36/36081. html Wooden, G. (2011, Sep 21). 10 Tips For A Successful Fundraising Event. Retrieved from http://www. socialbrite. org/2011/09/21/10-tips-for-a-successful-fundraising-event/